Finally, these city-regions are shown to be strong economic leaders in part because they are able to change-although the authors reveal that pragmatism and piecemeal policy solutions can still prevail.
Policy-making is often selective, the authors find, and governments are more responsive to economic exigencies than to social or environmental needs. The second theme is how the city-regions fight to manage powerful political biases. The first is the continuing struggle for governability in the midst of regional governmental fragmentation. The processes of global economic integration and accelerated urban growth make traditional planning and policy strategies in these regions increasingly inadequate, while more effective approaches remain largely in various stages of hypothesis and experimentation.'Global City-Regions' represents a multifaceted effort to deal with the many. Three critical themes frame Struggling Giants. This volume analyzes the thorniest issues these sprawling city-regions have faced, including ameliorating social problems through public policies, the effect of globalization on local governance, and the relationships between local, regional, and national institutions.
Struggling Giants examines the transformation of four of the most significant metropolises: London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo. This network of cities is differing to concepts which relate to a singular city dominating an agglomeration spatially and economically such as a megacity (United Nations Statistics Division. Throughout the past thirty years a small number of city-regions have achieved unprecedented global status in the world economy while undergoing radical changes.
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